Kobler



Ma`y v29, 1934. c. KUBLER f 1,961,053

POCKET CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Aug. 20, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet l l Figa Inl/en tor May 29, 193%v c` KHLERA POCKET CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Aug. 20, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 n r11 987654321 r 3 456789 www@ un mm IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIFHIIIH N y 7 9876543 21 IJ ....rlllxl llln lllllll IIL1IIII| lIIIIlI ITI.

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plate, such as shown, for example, in United States Patent 1,661,277, Thomas.

Figure 6 is a diagram of a slider for a onesided addition and subtraction machine with rotary cover plate, but without a tens transfer sign.

Figure 7 is a view of a modified form of a slider intended for use in the right hand position.

According to the invention, the casing or box of the calculating machine is provided for the negative result of a calculation with a special row of openings in which the negative final result can be read off at once.

0n the drawings, the casing k has, at one side, which may be denominated the subtraction side (Fig. l), a plurality of first display openings d, operatin slots 20, adjacent which are provided in the usual way the numbers 9 to O in descending order, and a lower row of special openings c. On the other side (which may be denominated the addition side, Fig. lalis provided a second row of display openings d. Within the casing are movable a plurality of sliders, each of which has a plurality of columns oi indicia thereon. It will be noted that the position of the casing is reversed end for end between Figures 1 and la, so that a column of numbers on one slider, visible through an opening d on the subtraction side corresponds to a column of numbers on the same slider which are successively visible through the corresponding opening d', so that the result appearing at the openings d is always identical with the result appearing at the openings d.

On the other hand, the result appearing at the openings c is the complement of the result appearing at openings d and d.

The addition and subtraction sliders a and b, are made-for example as shown in Figure 2--in one continuous piece. AThe two halves are then folded together along the connecting web. The left half a (Figure 2) then comes into position on the back-the addition side-and the 'right half b on the frontthe subtraction side. Whereas the slider d has remained unchanged, the subtraction'slider, in addition to the inverted numerals 0-9-as viewed from the addition sideis provided with a second column of. numerals 9-0, and between sections namely the usual signal section y" and a Conse-u quently, the subtraction side is provided with eleven equal divisions between the top signal section, preceding 0, as far as the minus-sign. section. On the subtraction side, the box It is arranged in the same manner as the known Addiator machines, except that below the adjusting slots it is provided with a second row of openings c behind which the numerals of the lower column on the slider b are moved. These numerals are arranged in inverted order 9-0 (starting from the minus sign) on thelslider b (Figures 1 and 2) Below the opening c of the first place on the right, the indication +1 is plainly marked, so that the reader must always add +1 at this place, that is to say, the indicated result must always be increased by one unit. The row of openings c always displays the numerals complementary to 9 as compared with those displayed in the upper row'd.

For example if the numeral 9 be present in the first or upper opening d on the right in Figure 1, 0 will appear in the corresponding bottom opening c. If 1 be set in the third upper1 opening d from the right, the complementary value 8 on the same slidev will appear in the row of openings c. If 4 be set, the value 5 on the same slider will these two columns two other appear in the lower opening c. If however, the signal be set in the top opening, a minus sign will appear in the lower opening c. Y In order to be able to effect this setting in the known calculating machines, it is important that the space available for free movement inside the box should be suiciently large that at least one other position should be available for setting below 0, i. e. no blocking device is present to prevent this. It is also necessary that there should be subordinated to the signal in the top row of openings a second signal which must appear in the negative row of figures and must be fixedly related with the iirst one. This signal is then provided with the minus sign, so that both signals appear at the same time, the upper one indicating that the value in the top row of openings d is not to be read off (Figure l), but that the true result is that having the negative sign, and is to be read oil from openings c with the addition of one unit to the numeral visible atA the right hand opening c. In the example shown in Figure 1, therefore the correct negative value to be read off, is not` the 4109 visible in the top row of openings but 5890+1 in the row c.

Figures 3 and 4 represent the application of the invention to a machine in which the two calculation panels for addition and subtraction are provided on the same side. Here the upper row of openings d corresponds to that in Figure 1, whilst the bottom row contains the openings c into which the lower values and the minus sign are moved. In this case also, the sliders are provided with the minus-sign section at the lower end. Ten equal sections are provided between the two rows of openings or between the minus sign and the signal f.

Figure 1 represents'a further simplification. From a comparison of the slider according to Figure 2 and the new slider for the first position of a doublesided A.Addiator machine it will be evidentthat the addition members d have remained unaltered, whereas, in the iirst position on the right in the subtraction slider, no blank space is present at the end of the column, and the minus section is replaced on this slider by the value 10. Thus this slider presents at openings d and c the pairs of indicia (l--10, 1-9, 2-6, etc., so that the numbers appearing at the two openings are supplemental to one another with respect to le. v

The signal f has also been lowered by one space, and a new section (0) has been arranged between the signal f and the top numeral 9. On the other sliders the minus sign may be suitably replaced by a red signal or the like above the bottom nun meral 9, said replacement being indicated by l@ meaningthat the value represented is 10 and is to be transferred as one unit into the next higher position. l

In other respects the machine remains unal tered. Whereas, however, for the row of openings c in Figure l, one unit must always be men tally added to the iirst position on the right in reading off the negative balance, this is dispensed with in the new solution. Owing to this arrange ment, the complementary value to l0 (instead of to 9) already appears in the first position of the row of openingsvc, so that the result can be read off at once as the final result.

YThis arrangement of the sliders enables calculations above 0 and below 0 to be directly calculated, or additions and 'subtractions may be alternated and the balance read of! at once. A negative result is automatically displayed as such and can be read off on the row of openings arranged for that purpose. With this arrangement the credits are always situated on the one side and the debits on the other, so there is no transfer from one calculation panel to the other, the result being to assure a high degree of simplification, clarity and ease in supervision. The person making the calculation recognizes the character of the-balance at once, whilst the invention does not render the working of the machine more diiiicult or less easy to supervise. The arrangement is suitable for any currency and the machines do not require any other/altera.-

. tion than to be supplemented in accordance with the invention. For any other coinage-such as English-than the decimal system, the gradual tion of the sliders must be modified accordingly.`

It is obvious that in order to operate the sliders lt is necessary to engage them by means of a suitable instrument. For example, any sharp pointed instrument, such as a pin or needle, could be inserted in the operating slot and brought into engagement with the corresponding slider to move the same up or down, as desired. 1i desired, it would also be possible to provide a series of spaced apertures, dents, notches or the like in the sliders to receive the point of a pencil or other implement. as shown for example, in applicants prior United States Patent 1,596,108. This, however, constitutes no essential feature of the invention and any suitable means may be provided for moving the sliders.

Normal additions and subtractions may be accomplished on this machine in the usual Way.

When, however, a negative balance comes into existence by subtracting a large sum from a small one, the eiiect is immediately indicatedI at the openings d (and d) to show that the numerals visible at these openings do not represent any result which can be used directly." At the same time, a correct result is indicated at the openings c. Let it be assumed that the register (Fig. 1) has been broughtto indicate $978.35, as a result of successive additions andsubtractions. Assume it now becomes necessary to subtract therefrom $1451.80. lt is obvious that a negative balance will occur. Before this debit of $1451.80 is subtracted, the openings d show as a result of the operation of the machine the numerals 097835 (for the six right hand places); the openings c for the corresponding places show the numerals When this debithas been set up on the machine, the openings d (and d') will show a signal, and a minus sign will appear at an opening c, sothat the respective readings will be (at openings d) R52655, and (at c) -47344 (+1). The R designates the signal appearing at an opening d to indicate that no true result appears thereat. The minus sign at an opening c indicates that these openings give a true negative balance. The (+1)" indicates that a unit is to be added to the right hand digit as described above. y i

With the form of arrangement of the slider as shown in Figure 7, under the same conditions, the register openings d will indicate 097835 when the special openings c indicate 902165; and following the subtraction operation, the openings d will display R52655, and the openings c 47345.

I claim:

1. A pocket calculating machine for addition and subtraction, comprising a casing having a. row of first display openings and a related row of special display openings therein, and sliders each having a first column of numbers from 9 to 0 and an oppositely directed column of numbers from 0 to 9, both said columns including the intermediate numbers in regular arrangement, said sliders being adjustably arranged in said casing to cooperate with said openings so that said first display openings each renders visible an individual numberof said iirst columns and simultaneously the corresponding special display opening renders visible the number on said oppositely directed column comprising a result complementary to the result visible at the corresponding first display opening, said sliders being so disposed in the casing that they may each be set to an additional signal `position beyond the position at which the number 9 appears at the corresponding special display opening.

2. A pocket calculating machine for addition and subtraction, Acomprising a casing having a row of first display openings and a related row of special display openings therein, and sliders each having a iirst column of numbers from. 9 to 0 and an oppositely directed column of numbersfrom 0 to 9, both said columns including the intermediate numbers in regular arrangement, said sliders being adjustably arranged in said casing4 to cooperate with said openings so that said first display openings each renders visible an individual number of said first column and simultaneously ed column comprising a result complementary to the result visible at the corresponding first display opening, said sliders being so disposed in the casing that they may each be set to an additional signal position beyond the position at which the number 9 appears at the corresponding special display opening, at ,leastf one said slider having ,a minus sign at the additional signal position thereof.

3. A pocket calculating machine for addition and subtraction, comprising a casing having a row of rst display openings and a related row of special display openings therein, and sliders each movable past a corresponding opening in each row, each slider having a plurality of columns of indicia thereon, one said column being visible at the corresponding iirst opening and including the numbers 0 to 9 arranged in succession and an additional signal section adjacent the 0, another said column of at least one slider including the numbers 9 to 0 arranged in inverted order for displaying at the corresponding special opening the number which forms the sum of 9 when added to the number of said one column displayed at said first opening, said other column also havingv a signal space with a minus sign adjacent the number 9 thereon and brought to display positionat.

said special opening when the slide. is moved from the display of Oat the first opening to display the additional signal section thereof.

and subtraction, comprising a casing having a row of rst display openings and a related row of special display openings therein, and sliders each movable past a corresponding opening in each row, each slider having a plurality of columns of indicia thereon, one said column being visible atA the corresponding first opening and including the ico ' 135 4. A pocket calculating machine for addition first opening, said other column also having a signal space with a minus sign adjacent the number 9 thereon and brought to display position at said special opening when the slide is moved from the display of 0 at the first opening to display the additionalsignal section thereof, another said column of a further slider including the numbers l0 to 1 arranged in the opposite order for displaying at the corresponding special opening the number complementary to 10 with respect to the comprising an addition portion accessible for movement at one side and a subtraction portion accessible for movement at the other side, each said addition portion having the numbers 9 to 0 thereon for display at said second openings, each said subtraction portion having thereon the numbers 0 to 9 arranged between two signals in ascending order and visible individually at sa'id first openings and having also a signal portion including in columnar order a minus sign and the numbers 9 to 0 arranged in descending order, said addition and subtraction portions being connected so that the results visible at said first and se'cond openings are identical, said casing also having a special row of display openings for rendering visible the figures of said signal portion complementary to the results visible at said iirst and second openings. 1 Y

6. A pocket calculating machine for addition and subtraction, comprising a casing having first display openings'therein, and sliders each carrying oppositely directed columns of numbers and adjustably arranged in said casing to cooperate with said first openings to display the numbers of one column thereat to indicate a. result, said casing also having a row of special display openings for rendering visible the iigures of the oppositely directed column complementary to the result visible at the first openings, the right hand sliderA having its oppositely directed column of complementary numerals displaced with respect to the numbers of said one column thereon to such extent that the number visible in the corresponding special display opening is always supplemental with respect to 10 and including also a number l0 arranged thereon in the column adjacent the 9 whereby to provide a supplement for the G in said one column.

CARL KBLER. 

